82 OECD Friends Research Base, graph PF3.dos.B. Contribution cost during the early young people knowledge and you can proper care by the income, 0 to help you dos seasons-olds (OECD estimates, predicated on European union-SILC research).

84 Key research toward early childhood education and you will proper care into the European countries – 2019 release. Eu Commission/EACEA/Eurydice. Structural evidence to have overseeing training and you can knowledge possibilities inside European countries – 2019 and you will 2020.

86 See more info within the Trick analysis towards the early childhood studies and worry from inside the European countries – 2019 edition. Eu Percentage/EACEA/Eurydice, pp. 54-62.

87 Underachievers inside the PISA are those youngsters exactly who don’t started to proficiency Height 2, i.elizabeth. the minimum level necessary to participate properly for the people.

89 OECD talks of understanding literacy, brand new core topic getting PISA 2018, while the ‘knowledge, using, evaluating, showing to the and you will enjoyable with texts in order to achieve an individual’s wants, to cultivate an individual’s degree and you can potential, and also to take part in society’. OECD, PISA 2018 Results (Frequency We) – What Pupils Discover and will Create, 2019, p. 15.

91 The outcomes of PISA examination are quotes, as they are considering samples of children, rather than towards complete beginner populace, and on a limited band of evaluation opportunities instead of every you are able to of those. A thought difference between two prices based on products is named ‘statistically significant’ in case it is likely that a bona fide change can be acquired regarding the populations where the examples are taken. Read more